Normalize Text

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Problem

Implement normalize_text(text). Return lowercase words joined by one space, with leading, trailing, and repeated whitespace removed.

Starter code

def normalize_text(text):
    pass

Test cases

sample

{
  "args": [
    "  Hello   PYTHON  "
  ]
}

Expected: "hello python"

Wizard outline

Step 1: Normalize into word tokens
Remove edge whitespace, collapse all whitespace runs, and lowercase the words. split() without an explicit separator handles spaces, tabs, and newlines while discarding empty fields.
Step 2: Join with one canonical separator
Return normalized words separated by exactly one space. Joining the normalized token list guarantees no leading, trailing, or repeated whitespace.

Footguns and prerequisites

strip removes only edge whitespace and does not collapse internal runs.
strings

Reviewed references

Python String Methods

Recommended approach and implementation

Lowercase, split on arbitrary whitespace, then join with one space.

Why it works: split removes every whitespace run and join inserts exactly one separator, while lower normalizes case.

def _normalized_tokens(text):
    return text.lower().split()

def normalize_text(text):
    return ' '.join(_normalized_tokens(text))

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